inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis | matrix metalloproteinase family (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) is a kind of highly conserved zinc-containing endoproteinase, which plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In MMPs family, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most important enzymes to degrade type Ⅳ collagen. They are not expressed or low expressed in normal tissues and benign tumor tissues, but are highly expressed in malignant tumors and their metastases. Therefore, overexpressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 are often used as important indicators to reflect the invasion or metastasis of malignant tumors. Research by He Wubin and others found that the combined use of Pulsatilla saponin D and Sorafenib can synergistically inhibit the metastasis of liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, and the overall effect of the combined effect is better than that of a single drug. The combination of the two can significantly reduce the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in liver cancer BEL-7402 cells., To reduce the degradation ability of extracellular matrix, thereby weakening the infiltration or metastasis ability of liver cancer cells. In addition, the Transwell chamber experiment and cell scratch experiment showed that the migration inhibition rate of the combined group was higher than that of the single drug group (P<0. 01), and the combined effect was additive (0. 85 ≤ combined effect ≤ 1. 15). In addition, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis is an important way to control tumor growth and metastasis. Son et al. further study on the anti-tumor mechanism of Pulsatilla saponin D in vitro and in vivo showed that Pulsatilla saponin D can play an anti-angiogenesis role by down-regulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor -1 α( HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and regulate Akt /mTOR signaling pathway to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Therefore, Pulsatilla saponin D mainly inhibits the metastasis and invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and down-regulating the expression of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor cells. |
pharmacological action | Pulsatilla saponin d (pulchinenosideD) saponin monomer compounds isolated from dried roots of Ranunculaceae plant Pulsatilla Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Regel. Pulsatilla saponin D inhibits A549 cell proliferation by significantly down-regulating the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and p70S6K proteins. Flow cytometry showed that Pulsatilla saponin D significantly increased the number of A549 apoptotic cells, and 40 μmol/L Pulsatilla saponin D significantly increased the apoptosis rate to (72.60%± 9.60) %( P<0.01). In Wstern blot experiment, Pulsatilla saponin D administration group (20, 40 μmol/L) significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 and Caspase 3 compared with the blank control group. Therefore, Pulsatilla saponin D may inhibit A549 cell proliferation by significantly down-regulating the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and p70S6K proteins. |